Automatic vessel detection tools and methods

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein is an ultrasound system for accessing a vasculature of a patient. The ultrasound system is configured to depict an enhanced ultrasound image of a subcutaneous portion of the patient including an icon surrounding a target vessel depicted on the display. The icon indicates to a clinician the target vessel is within range of a percentage vessel occupancy or vessel purchase length depending on a size of cannula or angle of insertion. The icon can also indicate blood flow strength, vessel type, or vessel deformation. The enhanced image can further include cannula trajectory guidelines and visual alerts for the clinician if the cannula tip can potentially backwall the vessel. Additional icons can indicate obstructions disposed on the cannula trajectory.

PRIORITY

This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/903,545, filed Sep. 20, 2019, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this application.

BACKGROUND

A common challenge in administering a vascular-based therapy is finding adequate vascular access for administration of the therapy. What is needed is an ability to non-invasively identify a blood vessel suitable for administering a therapy before attempting to access the blood vessel. Satisfying such a need provides better patient outcomes by both minimizing failed attempts at vascular access and providing optimal administration of vascular-based therapies.

Disclosed herein are automatic vessel detection tools and methods that address at least the foregoing need.

SUMMARY

Briefly summarized, embodiments disclosed herein are directed to enhanced ultrasound imaging apparatus, and methods thereof, for vascular access. In particular the enhanced ultrasound image provides an automatic vessel detection system used in combination with cannula tracking.

Disclosed herein is an ultrasound system for accessing a vasculature of a patient including an ultrasound probe, a cannula, one or more processors, a display communicatively coupled to the one-or-more processors, and a non-transitory storage device communicatively coupled to the one-or-more processors. The display is for depicting an ultrasound image of a subcutaneous portion of a patient. The non-transitory storage device has stored thereon logic, that when executed by the one-or-more processors, causes performance of operations including: depicting an enhanced image of the ultrasound image, including a first icon surrounding a target vessel; receiving updated information including a dimension of the cannula; and depicting the first icon in an updated state on the enhanced image according to the updated information.

In some embodiments, the dimension of the cannula includes at least one of a longitudinal length or a diameter. The dimension of the cannula is provided by a user or derived by the ultrasound system. The first icon in the updated state includes at least one of a first color, a first pattern, a first intermittent feature, or a first alphanumerical symbol to indicate the updated state. Receiving updated information further includes measuring a diameter of the target vessel and receiving a desired range of vessel occupancy, wherein the first icon in the updated state further includes indicating a percentage vessel occupancy of the target vessel is within the desired range of vessel occupancy. Receiving updated information further includes an angle of insertion of the cannula and a desired range of vessel purchase, wherein the first icon in the updated state further includes indicating a vessel purchase length is within the desired range of vessel purchase. The angle of insertion of the cannula is predetermined. The angle of insertion of the cannula is measured by the system using at least one of a needle guide or a permanent magnet and magnetic sensor array.

In some embodiments, receiving updated information further includes measuring at least one of a Doppler information or a pulsatile information. The first icon in the updated state further includes determining a flow rate of the target vessel. The first icon in the updated state further includes determining a venous or arterial flow of the target vessel. Receiving updated information further includes measuring a change in roundness of the target vessel, wherein the first icon in the updated state further includes indicating a deviation of the roundness of the target vessel. The enhanced image of the ultrasound image further includes a guideline indicating a predicted trajectory of the cannula through the subcutaneous portion of the patient. The guideline includes at least one of a first color or a first pattern to indicate when the predicted trajectory of the cannula intersects the target vessel, as well as at least one of a second color or a second pattern to indicate when the predicted trajectory of the cannula does not intersect the target vessel.

In some embodiments, the ultrasound system further includes a second icon surrounding an obstruction disposed adjacent the trajectory of the cannula between the cannula and the target vessel. The obstruction includes at least one of a nerve bundle or an arterial vessel. The second icon includes at least one of a second color, a second pattern, a second intermittent feature, or a second alphanumerical symbol. The enhanced image of the ultrasound image further includes an alert indicating a tip of the cannula is proximate a back wall of the target vessel.

Also disclosed herein is a method of accessing a vessel using ultrasonic imaging including providing an ultrasound system; depicting an enhanced image of an ultrasound image including a first icon surrounding a target vessel; receiving updated information including a dimension of the cannula; and depicting the first icon in an updated state on the enhanced image according to the updated information. The ultrasound system includes an ultrasound probe, a cannula, one or more processors, a display communicatively coupled to the one-or-more processors, and a non-transitory storage device communicatively coupled to the one-or-more processors. The display is configured for depicting the ultrasound image or the enhanced ultrasound image of a subcutaneous portion of a patient.

In some embodiments, the dimension of the cannula includes at least one of a longitudinal length or a diameter. The first icon in the updated state includes at least one of a first color, a first pattern, a first intermittent feature, or a first alphanumerical symbol to indicate the updated state. Receiving updated information further includes measuring a diameter of the target vessel and receiving a desired range of vessel occupancy, wherein the first icon in the updated state further includes indicating a percentage vessel occupancy of the target vessel is within the desired range of vessel occupancy. Receiving updated information further includes an angle of insertion of the cannula and a desired range of vessel purchase, wherein the first icon in the updated state further includes indicating a vessel purchase length is within the desired range of vessel purchase. The angle of insertion of the cannula is measured by the system using at least one of a needle guide or a permanent magnet and magnetic sensor array.

In some embodiments, receiving updated information further includes measuring a change in roundness of the target vessel, wherein the first icon in the updated state further includes indicating a deviation of the roundness of the target vessel. The enhanced image of the ultrasound image further includes a guideline indicating a predicted trajectory of the cannula through the subcutaneous portion of the patient. The guideline includes at least one of a first color or a first pattern to indicate when the predicted trajectory of the cannula intersects the target vessel, as well as at least one of a second color or a second pattern to indicate when the predicted trajectory of the cannula does not intersect the target vessel.

In some embodiments, the method of accessing a vessel using ultrasonic imaging further includes a second icon surrounding an obstruction disposed adjacent the trajectory of the cannula between the cannula and the target vessel. The obstruction includes at least one of a nerve bundle or an arterial vessel. The second icon includes at least one of a second color, a second pattern, a second intermittent feature, or a second alphanumerical symbol. The enhanced image of the ultrasound image further includes an alert indicating a tip of the cannula is proximate a back wall of the target vessel.

These and other features of the concepts provided herein will become more apparent to those of skill in the art in view of the accompanying drawings and following description, which disclose particular embodiments of such concepts in greater detail.

DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A illustrates an example ultrasound system, in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 1B illustrates an example ultrasound probe, in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 1C illustrates a block diagram of the ultrasound probe coupled to the ultrasound system, in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 2A illustrates an enhanced ultrasound image including blood vessel iconography for medical device occupancy, in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 2B illustrates the enhanced ultrasound image of FIG. 2A further including medical device iconography, in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 3A illustrates an enhanced ultrasound image including blood vessel iconography for purchase length, in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 3B illustrates a cross sectional view of cannulae disposed within the vessels referenced in FIG. 3A, in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 4A illustrates an enhanced ultrasound image including blood vessel iconography for a first insertion angle, in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 4B illustrates enhanced ultrasound image including blood vessel iconography for a second insertion angle, in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 5A illustrates an enhanced ultrasound image including blood vessel iconography for a vessel-flow characteristics, in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 5B illustrates an enhanced ultrasound image including blood vessel iconography for a venous-arterial differentiation, in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 6 illustrates an enhanced ultrasound image including blood vessel iconography for roundness of a blood vessel, in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 7 illustrates an enhanced ultrasound image including guidelines for predicted trajectories to target blood vessels, in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 8 illustrates an enhanced ultrasound image including blood vessel and medical device iconography upon access to the blood vessel, in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 9 illustrates an enhanced ultrasound image including blood vessel and medical device iconography for predicted procedural errors such as backwalling, in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 10 illustrates an enhanced ultrasound image including iconography for potential obstructions between a medical device and a target blood vessel, in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.

DESCRIPTION

Before some particular embodiments are disclosed in greater detail, it should be understood that the particular embodiments disclosed herein do not limit the scope of the concepts provided herein. It should also be understood that a particular embodiment disclosed herein can have features that can be readily separated from the particular embodiment and optionally combined with or substituted for features of any of a number of other embodiments disclosed herein.

Regarding terms used herein, it should also be understood the terms are for the purpose of describing some particular embodiments, and the terms do not limit the scope of the concepts provided herein. Ordinal numbers (e.g., first, second, third, etc.) are generally used to distinguish or identify different features or steps in a group of features or steps, and do not supply a serial or numerical limitation. For example, “first,” “second,” and “third” features or steps need not necessarily appear in that order, and the particular embodiments including such features or steps need not necessarily be limited to the three features or steps. Labels such as “left,” “right,” “top,” “bottom,” “front,” “back,” and the like are used for convenience and are not intended to imply, for example, any particular fixed location, orientation, or direction. Instead, such labels are used to reflect, for example, relative location, orientation, or directions. Singular forms of “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

With respect to “proximal,” a “proximal portion” or a “proximal end portion” of, for example, a catheter disclosed herein includes a portion of the catheter intended to be near a clinician, or user, when the catheter is used on a patient. Likewise, a “proximal length” of, for example, the catheter includes a length of the catheter intended to be near the clinician when the catheter is used on the patient. A “proximal end” of, for example, the catheter includes an end of the catheter intended to be near the clinician when the catheter is used on the patient. The proximal portion, the proximal end portion, or the proximal length of the catheter can include the proximal end of the catheter; however, the proximal portion, the proximal end portion, or the proximal length of the catheter need not include the proximal end of the catheter. That is, unless context suggests otherwise, the proximal portion, the proximal end portion, or the proximal length of the catheter is not a terminal portion or terminal length of the catheter.

With respect to “distal,” a “distal portion” or a “distal end portion” of, for example, a catheter disclosed herein includes a portion of the catheter intended to be near or in a patient when the catheter is used on the patient. Likewise, a “distal length” of, for example, the catheter includes a length of the catheter intended to be near or in the patient when the catheter is used on the patient. A “distal end” of, for example, the catheter includes an end of the catheter intended to be near or in the patient when the catheter is used on the patient. The distal portion, the distal end portion, or the distal length of the catheter can include the distal end of the catheter; however, the distal portion, the distal end portion, or the distal length of the catheter need not include the distal end of the catheter. That is, unless context suggests otherwise, the distal portion, the distal end portion, or the distal length of the catheter is not a terminal portion or terminal length of the catheter.

As shown in FIG. 1A, and to assist in the description of the components of embodiments described herein, the ultrasound probe is described in terms of being held vertically with an acoustic surface being held against a horizontal surface, for example, a skin surface of a patient. The longitudinal axis extends perpendicular to the acoustic surface. The acoustic surface is defined by the lateral and transverse axes, with the lateral axis extending normal to the longitudinal axis, and the transverse axis extending normal to both the lateral and longitudinal axis. As used herein, the term “cannula” refers to an elongate medical device, or medical device assembly, that can be inserted subcutaneously to access a vasculature of the patient. Example cannulae can include, but not limited to needles, catheters, stylets, guidewires, trocars, combinations thereof, and the like. As used herein in a “vessel” refers to a given portion of a vascular system for a patient. While embodiments are described herein in reference to a blood vessel, it will be appreciated that aspects of the invention can be applied to various other vasculature systems, body cavities, and the like.

As used herein, the terms “logic” and “component” are representative of hardware, firmware and/or software that is configured to perform one or more functions. As hardware, logic (or a component) may include circuitry having data processing or storage functionality. Examples of such processing or storage circuitry may include, but is not limited or restricted to the following: a processor; one or more processor cores; a programmable gate array; an I/O controller (e.g., network interface controller, disk controller, memory controller, etc.); an application specific integrated circuit; receiver, transmitter and/or transceiver circuitry; semiconductor memory; combinatorial logic, or combinations of one or more of the above components.

Logic (or a component) may be in the form of one or more software modules, such as executable code in the form of an operating system component, an executable application, firmware, an application programming interface (API), one or more subroutines, a function, a procedure, an applet, a plug-in, a servlet, a Component Object Model (COM) object, a routine, source code, object code, a shared library/dynamic linked library, a script, or one or more instructions. These software modules may be stored in any type of a suitable non-transitory storage medium, or transitory storage medium (e.g., electrical, optical, acoustical, or other form of propagated signals such as carrier waves, infrared signals, or digital signals). Examples of a “non-transitory storage medium” may include, but are not limited or restricted to a programmable circuit; non-persistent storage such as volatile memory (e.g., any type of random access memory “RAM”); persistent storage such as non-volatile memory (e.g., read-only memory “ROM”, power-backed RAM, flash memory, phase-change memory, etc.), a solid-state drive, hard disk drive, an optical disc drive, or portable memory device; and/or a semiconductor memory. As firmware, the executable code is stored in persistent storage.

A “computing system” generally refers to either a physical electronic device featuring data processing and/or network connection functionality or a virtual electronic device being software that virtualizes at least a portion of the functionality of the physical electronic device. Examples of a computing system may include, but are not limited or restricted to any physical or virtual resource operating as a server, a network device (e.g., a mobile phone, a desktop or laptop computer, a wearable, a set-top box, a tablet, a netbook, a server, a device-installed mobile software, management console, etc.), a network adapter, or an intermediary communication device (e.g., router, firewall, etc.), a cloud service, or the like. Additional examples of a network device may include, but are not limited or restricted to the following: a server; a router or other signal propagation networking equipment (e.g., a wireless or wired access point); a set-top box; a video-game console; or an endpoint (e.g., a stationary or portable computer including a desktop computer, laptop, electronic reader, netbook or tablet; a smart phone; or wearable technology such as an Apple Watch®, Fitbit® fitness wristband, or other sensor-based component, including any sensors configured for participation within an internet-of-things (IoT) environment).

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.

As set forth above, an ability to non-invasively identify a blood vessel suitable for administering a therapy is needed. Satisfying such a need provides better patient outcomes by both minimizing failed attempts at vascular access and providing optimal administration of vascular-based therapies.

Disclosed herein are automatic vessel detection tools and methods that address at least the foregoing need. Indeed, as set forth below, ultrasound imaging combined with image processing provide valuable information to clinicians for providing administration of vascular-based therapies.

FIGS. 1A-1C show example embodiments of an ultrasound imaging system 10 that generally includes an ultrasound probe 12 and a console 20 including a display 30 for depicting an image produced by the ultrasound probe 12. It will be appreciated that the console 20 can take one of a variety of forms. A processor 21 together with non-volatile memory 22 (e.g., EEPROM) is included in the console 20 for controlling system function during operation of the system 10, thus acting as a control processor. A digital controller/analog interface 24 is also included with the console 20 and is in communication with both the processor 21 and other system components to govern interfacing between the ultrasound probe 12, transducer 90, optional magnetic sensors, and other system components.

The system 10 can further include a plurality of ports 51 for connection with optional components 53 including a printer, storage media, keyboard, etc. The ports in one embodiment are USB ports, though other port types or a combination of port types can be used for this and the other interfaces connections. In certain embodiments, the ports 51 may be implemented via a wireless connection over a network. A power connection 56 is included with the console 20 to enable operable connection to an external power supply 58. An internal power supply 61 (e.g., a battery) can also be employed, either with or exclusive of an external power supply. Power management circuitry 59 is included with the digital controller/analog interface 24 of the console to regulate power use and distribution.

The display 30 can be a single stand-alone display or an integrated display integrated into the console 20 for displaying information to a clinician. (See FIGS. 2A, 2B, 3A, etc.) As set forth below, the content depicted by the display 30 can change in accordance with different ultrasound image enhancements. In certain embodiments, a console button interface 33 and buttons included on the ultrasound probe 12 can be used to immediately call up a desired mode to the display 30 with ultrasound image enhancements for the clinician to assist in the procedure.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present invention may be practiced in computing environments with one or more types of computer system configurations, including, personal computers, desktop computers, laptop computers, message processors, hand-held devices, multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, mobile telephones, PDAs, pagers, and the like. Embodiments may also be practiced in distributed system environments where local and remote computer systems, which are linked (either by hardwired data links, wireless data links, or by a combination of hardwired and wireless data links) through a network, both perform tasks. In a distributed system environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

In an embodiment, the ultrasound probe 12 is operably connected to the console 20 via a cable 31, though in an embodiment the ultrasound probe 12 can be wirelessly connected thereto. The ultrasound probe 12 includes a head portion (“probe head,” or “head”) 32 defined by a lateral length 32A and a transverse width 32B. The probe head 32 includes an acoustic surface 34 extending along at least a portion of the lateral length 32A of the probe head from which ultrasonic impulses are emitted by the transducer 90, disposed within the probe head 32, in order to penetrate and image subcutaneous portions of the patient. Note that the size, shape, and configuration of both the ultrasound probe 12, probe head 32, transducer 90, and acoustic surface 34 can vary from what is described herein while still residing within the principles of the present disclosure. Note also that FIGS. 1A-1C show example ultrasound imaging systems; other systems including other components can also benefit from the principles described herein.

FIG. 1C further shows that the ultrasound probe 12 can further include a button and memory controller 41 for governing button and probe operation. The button and memory controller 41 can include non-volatile memory, such as EEPROM, in certain embodiments. The button and memory controller 41 is in operable communication with a probe interface 44 of the console 20, which often includes a piezo input/output component 44A for interfacing with the probe piezoelectric array and a button and memory input/output component 44B for interfacing with the button and memory controller 41.

In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2A-2B, the display 30 depicts an enhanced ultrasound image including an imaged subcutaneous portion of a patient, and one or more icons each surrounding a target area, for example a target vessel 50. The system 10 autonomously determines target structures within the image and positions the icon accordingly. The icon can identify potential target vessels within the image and clearly distinguish these vessels from surrounding structures to make them easily and quickly identifiable. The icon includes one or more colors, patterns, intermittent (“flashing” or “blinking”) features, alphanumeric symbols, combinations thereof, or the like, to further distinguish the target vessel 50 from surrounding imaged structures. The icon further includes an updated state which includes a change in the one-or-more colors, patterns, intermittent features, alphanumeric symbols, combinations thereof, or the like that indicates to a clinician information regarding the target vessel the icon is associated with. The enhanced image can also display additional icons representing, for example, a cannula 40, or tip thereof 42, guidelines, trajectory ranges of the cannula, and potential obstructions.

In an embodiment, the enhanced image can further display additional information, for example, cannula size 60, angle of insertion 64 of the cannula relative to the ultrasound probe 12, and the like. In an embodiment, the cannula size is entered to the system 10 by the clinician. In an embodiment, the system 10 receives or derives the cannula size from RFID chips, magnetic sensor arrays, and the like. For example, the cannula can include identification markers, RFID chips, barcodes, QR codes, combinations thereof, or the like, that include information about the size, diameter, length, etc. of the cannula being used. The system 10 interprets the size of cannula being used by way of these identification markers and the like, independent of any input from the clinician.

In an embodiment, the angle of insertion of the cannula is entered to the system 10 by the clinician. In an embodiment, the system 10 is able to determine the angle of insertion by detecting the presence of the cannula within an angled needle guide, coupled to the ultrasound probe 12. In an embodiment, the cannula includes at least one of a permanent magnet, an electromagnet, an optical marker, or acoustic marker, or the like, which is detected by a magnetic sensor array and can determined the location and orientation of the cannula in three-dimensional space. Further details of enhanced ultrasound imaging, and associated features, can be found, for example, in U.S. 2018/0015256, filed Jul. 14, 2017 and U.S. Pat. No. 9,949,720, filed Oct. 19, 2012, each of which are incorporated by reference in its entirety into this application.

In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2A-2B, the enhanced image depicted on the display 30 indicates a first icon 250A highlighting the target vessel 50. To note, the system 10 autonomously identifies one or more target vessels within the image and positions one or more icons surrounding the one-or-more target vessels. The system 10 can measure the diameter of the target vessel and, together with information on the cannula size 60 of the cannula being used, determine a percentage vessel occupancy for the target vessel. For example, as shown, the first icon 250A highlights a first target vessel 50A, and determines a vessel occupancy of 30% with an 18-gauge cannula. A second icon 250B highlights a second target vessel 50B, and determines a 50% vessel occupancy with an 18-gauge cannula.

In an embodiment, the system 10 can receive further information about a desired vessel occupancy range 62, for example, 40%. In an embodiment, the desired vessel occupancy range is entered by the clinician. In an embodiment, the desired vessel occupancy range derived from patient specific data. For example, based on the procedure being performed, age, weight, gender of the patient, combinations thereof, or the like. The system 10, then provides the icons 250A and 250B in an updated state to indicate if the target vessel is within the desired range. For example, the first icon 250A provides a first color, pattern, and label, while the second icon 250B which is outside of the desired range provides a second color, pattern, and label. FIG. 2B shows the target vessels with the cannula 40 disposed in each to illustrate the percentage vessel occupancy.

In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3A, the enhanced image depicted on the display 30 indicates a first icon 350A highlighting the first target vessel 50A. The system 10 can measure the depth of the target vessel relative to the skin surface and, together with information on the cannula size 60 of the cannula being used and the angle of insertion 64, determine a vessel purchase length for the target vessel. For example, as shown, the first icon 350A highlights the first target vessel 50A, and determines a vessel purchase length of 4 cm. A second icon 350B highlights a second target vessel 50B, and determines a 2 cm vessel purchase length.

In an embodiment, the system 10 receives further information about a desired vessel purchase length 66, for example, 3 cm. In an embodiment, the desired vessel purchase length is entered by the clinician. In an embodiment, the desired vessel purchase length is derived from patient specific data. For example, based on the procedure being performed, age, weight, gender of the patient, combinations thereof, or the like. The system 10, then provides the icons 350A and 350B in an updated state to indicate if the target vessel is within the desired range, as described herein. FIG. 3B illustrates the target vessels 50A and 50B respectively with a cannula 40A and 40B disposed therein to illustrate how the vessel purchase length varies with depth of the target vessel. To note, embodiments described herein can be combined such that a user can enter both a desired vessel occupancy range and a desired vessel purchase range and icons can be provided in an updated state to indicate the one or both of these requirements are met. Further, it will be appreciated, that additional embodiments described herein can also be combined in a similar manner without departing from the spirit of the invention.

In an embodiment, a variation in insertion angle can further affect which vessels are within range. As shown in FIG. 4A, the needle is provided at a 40° angle. The system 10 can determine this angle by way of a needle guide, permanent magnet and magnetic sensor array, markers, or the like, as disclosed herein. The console then provides an enhanced image to indicate which of the vessels imaged are within the desired vessel purchase range. As shown, a first icon 450A and a second icon 450B highlight vessels and indicates they are within a desired vessel purchase range, as described herein. A third icon 450C highlights a third vessel and indicates that while it is possible to be accessed, it would only allow a 2 cm vessel purchase length which is outside of the desired range, and is therefore indicated as such.

FIG. 4B shows the cannula being inserted at a shallower angle, for example, 10°, than that shown in FIG. 4A, which limits the depth accessible by the cannula. Accordingly, the first vessel highlighted by the first icon 450A is still accessible and still within the desired vessel purchase range, albeit with less absolute vessel purchase length. The second vessel, highlighted by the second icon 450B, is now outside of the desired vessel purchase range and is indicated as such. The third vessel, highlighted by icon 450C is now too deep to access at all, and is also indicated as such on the screen.

In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 5A-5B the system 10 determines flow characteristics of the target vessels being imaged and provides icons in an updated state to indicate these features to the clinician. For example, the system 10 includes Doppler measurements, pulsatile measurements, combinations thereof, or the like to determine if the vessel has sufficient flow for a procedure. As shown in FIG. 5A, a first icon 550A indicates a first target vessel has sufficient flow (“good flow”) using a first color, pattern, label, or combinations thereof. A second icon 550B indicates a second vessel has “poor flow” using a second color, pattern, label, or combinations thereof. Similarly, a third icon 550C indicates a third vessel as having “no flow” using a third color, pattern, label, or combinations thereof. Further, as shown in FIG. 5B, the system 10 can determine if the target vessel is either venous or arterial, through Doppler measurements of a fluid flow through the vessel, the presence or absence of pulsatile movements of the vessel, or combinations thereof. Accordingly, the icons can include colors, patterns, labels, or combinations thereof, to indicate as such.

In an embodiment, the system 10 provides feedback to the clinician directed to the positioning of the probe. For example, the system 10 identifies the location of a target vessel, depicted on the display 30, and determines if the target vessel is “moving.” If so, this would indicate that the ultrasound probe 12 is not being held steady enough. Such movement can be outside of tolerance levels that equate to normal bodily movements from the patient, such as breathing or pulsatile movements from the vessel, or the like. Accordingly, visual, audible, or tactile alerts can be provided to the clinician advising to “adjust position of the probe,” “hold the probe steady”, or the like. It will be appreciated that visual alerts can include messages, notices, icons, alphanumeric symbols, colors, or the like, depicted on the display 30. Further, visual alerts can include LED lights, indicators, or the like, operably connected with the system 10 that visually alert the clinician. Audible alerts can include sounds, instructions, alarms, or the like. Tactile alerts can include vibrations transmitted through portions of the system 10 being held by the clinician.

In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6 , the system 10 can measure the roundness of a target vessel, or changes thereof, to determine if the pressure of the ultrasound probe 12 against the skin surface is affecting the patency of the target vessel 50. If the roundness of the vessel 50 deviates from acceptable tolerance levels, the system can provide visual, audible, or tactile alerts, as described herein, to “release pressure on probe” or the like.

In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7 , the system 10 provides guidelines, for example, guidelines 712 and 714, superimposed on the ultrasound image to indicate a predicted trajectory of the cannula 40, relative to the target vessel 50. As discussed herein, the system 10 can determine the position and orientation of the cannula 40 relative to the ultrasound probe 12, for example using needle guides or magnetic sensor arrays. Accordingly, the system 10 can display a predicted trajectory of the cannula by the guideline 712, or range of trajectory, relative to the target vessel 50, and indicate with colors, patterns, or instructions displayed proximate thereto if the cannula is on course to access the target vessel. Where the cannula is not on course to access the vessel, the guideline 714 can indicate as such through different colors, patterns, or instructions displayed proximate thereto.

In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 8-9 , the system 10 can determine the location of the cannula tip 42 of the cannula 40 in three-dimensional space, as discussed herein. As shown in FIG. 8 , the cannula tip 42 can include additional color, patterns, highlights, and the like to indicate to the clinician a successful accessing of the vessel. In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9 , the system can determine if the cannula tip 42 is proximate to a lower wall of the target vessel 50. As such, the system 10 can provide visual, audible, or tactile alerts, as described herein, to indicate the cannula can potentially be inserted through a far wall of the vessel, termed “backwalling.” The cannula tip 42 can be represented as an image, symbol, icon, or the like, and can be depicted with a distinct color, pattern, highlighted, or “flashing,” to indicate a proximity to “backwalling” the vessel.

In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10 , the system 10 can provide additional icons to identify potential obstructions between the target vessel 50 and the cannula 40. For example, a nerve bundle 52, or an arterial vessel 54, or the like, can be disposed between the target vessel 50 and the cannula 40. The system 10 can provide icons including different colors, patterns, labels, or the like, from that of icons highlighting the target vessels 50 to indicate to the clinician that an alternate path to the target vessel is required. The system 10 can further display additional visual, audible, or tactile alerts to notify the clinician of the obstruction.

Currently, determination of target vessels under ultrasound imaging is based on a subjective assessment by the clinician which can lead to sub-optimal vessels being accessed, failed access attempts, loss of vessel purchase leading to oedema, and other complications, and the like. However, advantageously, embodiments disclosed herein, or combinations thereof, can provide a clear, quantitative indication of suitable vessels to target prior to any insertion of the cannula. This prevents the clinician from accessing vessels only to find the vessel is too small to receive the cannula, too deep to provide sufficient vessel purchase, has sufficient flow and is the correct vessel type for the procedure. Further, embodiments can identify insertion trajectories and any potential obstructions and improve user handling of the imaging system.

While some particular embodiments have been disclosed herein, and while the particular embodiments have been disclosed in some detail, it is not the intention for the particular embodiments to limit the scope of the concepts provided herein. Additional adaptations and/or modifications can appear to those of ordinary skill in the art, and, in broader aspects, these adaptations and/or modifications are encompassed as well. Accordingly, departures may be made from the particular embodiments disclosed herein without departing from the scope of the concepts provided herein. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An ultrasound system for accessing a vasculature of a patient, comprising: an ultrasound probe; a cannula; one or more processors; a display communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, the display for depicting an ultrasound image of a subcutaneous portion of the patient; and a non-transitory storage device communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, the non-transitory storage device having stored thereon logic, that when executed by the one or more processors, causes performance of operations including: depicting an enhanced image of the ultrasound image, including a first icon surrounding a target vessel; receiving updated information, including a dimension of the cannula, wherein the dimension of the cannula is derived by the ultrasound system; depicting the first icon in an updated state on the enhanced image according to the updated information; determining that a motion of the target vessel depicted in the ultrasound image, as caused solely by a positional instability of the ultrasound probe, exceeds a threshold equated to normal bodily motion; and providing a first alert advising a clinician to increase a positional stability of the ultrasound probe.
 2. The ultrasound system according to claim 1, wherein the dimension of the cannula includes at least one of a longitudinal length or a diameter.
 3. The ultrasound system according to claim 1, wherein the first icon in the updated state includes at least one of a first color, a first pattern, a first intermittent feature, or a first alphanumerical symbol to indicate the updated state.
 4. The ultrasound system according to claim 1, wherein receiving updated information further includes measuring a diameter of the target vessel and receiving a desired range of vessel occupancy, and wherein the first icon in the updated state further includes indicating a percentage vessel occupancy of the target vessel is within the desired range of vessel occupancy.
 5. The ultrasound system according to claim 1, wherein receiving updated information further includes an angle of insertion of the cannula and a desired range of vessel purchase, and wherein the first icon in the updated state further includes indicating a vessel purchase length is within the desired range of vessel purchase.
 6. The ultrasound system according to claim 5, wherein the angle of insertion of the cannula is predetermined.
 7. The ultrasound system according to claim 5, wherein the angle of insertion of the cannula is measured by the ultrasound system using at least one of a needle guide or a permanent magnet and magnetic sensor array.
 8. The ultrasound system according to claim 1, wherein receiving updated information further includes measuring at least one of a Doppler information or a pulsatile information.
 9. The ultrasound system according to claim 8, wherein the first icon in the updated state further includes determining a flow rate of the target vessel.
 10. The ultrasound system according to claim 8, wherein the first icon in the updated state further includes determining a venous or arterial flow of the target vessel.
 11. The ultrasound system according to claim 1, wherein receiving updated information further includes measuring a change in roundness of the target vessel and wherein the first icon in the updated state further includes indicating a deviation of the roundness of the target vessel.
 12. The ultrasound system according to claim 1, wherein the enhanced image of the ultrasound image further includes a guideline indicating a predicted trajectory of the cannula through the subcutaneous portion of the patient.
 13. The ultrasound system according to claim 12, wherein the guideline includes at least one of a first color or a first pattern to indicate when the predicted trajectory of the cannula intersects the target vessel and includes at least one of a second color or a second pattern to indicate when the predicted trajectory of the cannula does not intersect the target vessel.
 14. The ultrasound system according to claim 12, further including a second icon surrounding an obstruction disposed adjacent the predicted trajectory of the cannula between the cannula and the target vessel.
 15. The ultrasound system according to claim 14, wherein the obstruction includes at least one of a nerve bundle or an arterial vessel.
 16. The ultrasound system according to claim 14, wherein the second icon includes at least one of a second color, a second pattern, a second intermittent feature, or a second alphanumerical symbol.
 17. The ultrasound system according to claim 1, wherein the enhanced image of the ultrasound image further includes a second alert indicating a tip of the cannula is proximate a back wall of the target vessel.
 18. The ultrasound system according to claim 1, wherein the operations further include: determining that a change in roundness of the target vessel is caused by a pressure of the ultrasound probe on a skin surface of the patient; and providing a third alert advising the clinician to release the pressure of the ultrasound probe if the change in roundness deviates from an acceptable tolerance level.
 19. A method of accessing a blood vessel using ultrasonic imaging, comprising: providing an ultrasound system comprising: an ultrasound probe; a cannula; one or more processors; a display communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, and configured for depicting an ultrasound image of a subcutaneous portion of a patient; and a non-transitory storage device communicatively coupled to the one or more processors; depicting an enhanced image of the ultrasound image, including a first icon surrounding a target vessel; receiving updated information, including a dimension of the cannula, wherein the dimension of the cannula is derived by the ultrasound system; depicting the first icon in an updated state on the enhanced image according to the updated information; determining that a motion of the blood vessel depicted in the ultrasound image, as caused solely by a positional instability of the ultrasound probe, exceeds a threshold equated to normal bodily motion; and providing a first alert advising a clinician to increase a positional stability of the ultrasound probe.
 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the dimension of the cannula includes at least one of a longitudinal length or a diameter.
 21. The method according to claim 19, wherein the first icon in the updated state includes at least one of a first color, a first pattern, a first intermittent feature, or a first alphanumerical symbol to indicate the updated state.
 22. The method according to claim 19, wherein receiving updated information further includes measuring a diameter of the target vessel and receiving a desired range of vessel occupancy, and wherein the first icon in the updated state further includes indicating a percentage vessel occupancy of the target vessel is within the desired range of vessel occupancy.
 23. The method according to claim 19, wherein receiving updated information further includes an angle of insertion of the cannula and a desired range of vessel purchase, and wherein the first icon in the updated state further includes indicating a vessel purchase length is within the desired range of vessel purchase.
 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the angle of insertion of the cannula is measured by the ultrasound system using at least one of a needle guide or a permanent magnet and magnetic sensor array.
 25. The method according to claim 19, wherein receiving updated information further includes measuring a change in roundness of the target vessel and wherein the first icon in the updated state further includes indicating a deviation of the roundness of the target vessel.
 26. The method according to claim 19, wherein the enhanced image of the ultrasound image further includes a guideline indicating a predicted trajectory of the cannula through the subcutaneous portion of the patient.
 27. The method according to claim 26, wherein the guideline includes at least one of a first color or a first pattern to indicate when the predicted trajectory of the cannula intersects the target vessel and includes at least one of a second color or a second pattern to indicate when the predicted trajectory of the cannula does not intersect the target vessel.
 28. The method according to claim 26, further including a second icon surrounding an obstruction disposed adjacent the predicted trajectory of the cannula between the cannula and the target vessel.
 29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the obstruction includes at least one of a nerve bundle or an arterial vessel.
 30. The method according to claim 28, wherein the second icon includes at least one of a second color, a second pattern, a second intermittent feature, or a second alphanumerical symbol.
 31. The method according to claim 19, wherein the enhanced image of the ultrasound image further includes a second alert indicating a tip of the cannula is proximate a back wall of the target vessel.
 32. The method according to claim 19, further comprising: determining that a change in roundness of the blood vessel is caused by a pressure of the ultrasound probe on a skin surface of the patient; and providing a third alert advising the clinician to release the pressure of the ultrasound probe if the change in roundness deviates from an acceptable tolerance level. 